Table of Contents

- Foreword [by Steve M. Egesdal]
- Letter from a Tribal Member [by George Hill]
- About the Author
- Acknowledgements
- Introduction
- Chapter I: Cultural, Linguistic, and Intergroup Affiliation
- Southern Interior Culture Area
- Macro Band Distribution and Intergroup Relations
- Linguistic Groupings
- Socioeconomic Intra-Areal Affiliations
- Trade
- Warfare
- Horse-Stealing
- Scalp-Taking and Counting Coup
- Slavery
- Population
- Chapter II: Euro-American Contact
- Explorers
- Trapper-Traders
- Missionaries
- Settlers and Farmers
- Miners
- Military
- Spokane Indian Reservation
- Government and Mission Schools
- Chapter III: Social and Political Organization
- Social Organization
- Kinship
- Social Interaction
- Gift-Giving
- Social Control
- Political Organization
- Chieftainship
- Councils
- Crime and Punishment
- Social Organization
- Chapter IV: Life Cycle
- Rites of Passage
- Pre-Birth
- Conception and Fetal Development
- Prenatal Prohibitions
- Couvade
- Gender Determination
- Birth
- Birthing
- Midwives
- Birthmarks
- Breast-feeding
- Cradleboards and Bundling
- Infertility
- Feticide and Infanticide
- Adoption and Fostering
- Joking Relationship and Fictive Names
- Enculturation
- Punishment and Discipline
- Naming
- Formal Naming
- Agnomens
- Puberty
- Boy's Puberty Ceremony
- Girl's Puberty Ceremony
- Marriage
- Courtship
- Love Charms
- Bride-Price
- Elopement
- Preferred Marriage
- Prescribed Marriage
- Infant or Child Betrothal
- Polygamy
- Polygyny
- Sororal Polygyny
- Polyandry
- Fraternal Polyandry
- Sororate and Levirate
- Bigamy
- Bride Capture
- Wife and Husband Stealing
- Post-Nuptial Residence
- In-law Avoidance
- Husband-Wife Relations
- Divorce
- Remarriage
- Censored Sexual Relations
- Adultery
- Rape
- Incest
- Berdache, Transvestism, and Homosexuality
- Prostitution
- Death
- Sorcery-Induced Death
- Suicide
- Confession
- Cleansing Ritual of the Deceased
- Long-house Reception and Wake
- Eulogies
- Mortuary Feast
- Burial Areas and Cemeteries.
- Burial
- Grave Goods
- Post-Burial Purification
- Grave Markers and Headstones
- Mourning
- Widows and Widowers
- Memorial Feast and Give-Away Ceremony
- Contemporary Mortuary Ritual
- Chapter V: Settlement Patterns and Structures
- Permanent Structures
- Winter Villages
- Semi-Subterranean Pit House
- Subterranean Dwellings
- Long-House
- Ceremonial Long-House
- Log Houses
- Women's Winter Bathing Hut
- Temporary Structures
- Summer Mat Dwellings
- Summer Hunting and Gathering Camps
- Women's Semi-Subterranean Day Lodge
- Women's Seclusion Structures
- Winter Hunting Camps
- Brush Shelters
- Trappers' Winter Dwellings
- Tule Mat Ramadas
- Bark, Hide, and Canvas Tipis
- Caves
- Outhouses
- Sweathouses
- Permanent Structures
- Chapter VI: Tool Making and Related Technologies
- Multipurpose Technologies
- Lithic Technology and Minerals
- Weir Anchors and Net Weights
- Mortars and Pestles
- Flat Milling Stones
- Hammers and Mauls
- Splitting Wedges, Bifaces, and Adzes
- Awls and Engravers
- Tabular Knives/Spokeshave
- Quartz, Basalt, Slate, and Crystal Implements
- Pictographs and Petroglyphs
- Clay
- Ochre
- Wood, Fiber, and Bark Technology
- Stems and Bark
- Sap
- Pitch and Gum
- Cambium
- Lichens
- Mosses
- Leaves
- Sedges and Bulrushes
- Grasses and Cornhusks
- Hemp
- Fungi
- Ferns
- Hide, Horn, and Bone Technology
- Butchering
- Hide Preparation
- Tanning
- Hide-Smoking
- Horn, Antler, Bone, Marrow, and Organs
- Chapter VII: Environmental and Resource Stewardship
- Selective Burning
- Chapter VIII: Annual Subsistence Round
- First Fruit Ceremony
- Whipping Ceremony
- Pre-Gathering Ritual
- Chapter IX: Hunting
- Technology
- Bows
- Bowstrings
- Arrows and Projectile Points
- Quivers
- Wrist Guards
- Spears
- Atlatls
- Slings
- Throwing Sticks
- Knives
- Rifles
- Traps, Snares, and Deadfalls
- Pit-Snaring Eagles
- Game Enclosures
- Funnel Enclosures
- Circle Drive or Surround
- Tree-stands
- Snow and Water Drives
- Fire Drives
- Deer Jumps
- Hunting Methods
- Tracking
- Decoying
- Stalking
- Hunting
- Animals Hunted
- Bear
- Moose and Bison
- Deer, Elk, Antelope, and Mountain Sheep and Goats
- Wolves, Wolverines, Cougars, Foxes, and Coyotes
- Small Game
- Beaver
- Large Birds
- Upland Birds
- Waterfowl
- Owls
- Small Birds
- Bird Eggs
- Reptiles
- Turtles
- Technology
- Chapter X: Gathering Technology
- Technology
- Digging Sticks
- Pick and Hoe
- Gathering
- Roots
- Nuts and Seeds
- Berries and Fruits
- Famine Foods
- Farming and Animal Husbandry
- Technology
- Chapter XI: Fishing
- Aquatic Animals
- Salmon
- Trout
- Sturgeon
- Catfish
- Whitefish
- Sucker
- Bullhead
- Minnows
- Lamprey
- Mussels
- Crayfish
- Fishing Technology
- Weirs and Traps
- Barrel Traps
- Wedge Traps
- Corral Traps
- Raised Terraced Stone-Fishing Platform
- Single or Multiple Stone Fishing Platform
- Funnel and Cone Traps
- Suspended Basket Traps
- Fish Nets
- Scaffold Platforms
- Dip Nets
- Double-Handled Dip Net
- Drag-Nets
- Stretch-Nets
- Gill-Nets
- Leisters, Spears, Harpoons, Gaffs, and Clubs
- Line-fishing, Hooks, and Bait
- Bow and Arrow Fishing
- Torch-Fishing
- Ice-Fishing
- Fish-Lassoing
- Major Spokan Fisheries
- Kettle Falls Fishery
- Little Falls Fishery
- Little Spokane River Fishery
- Spokane Falls Fishery
- Latah Creek Fishery
- Aquatic Animals
- Chapter XII: Firewood, Cooking, and Food Preservation
- Firewood
- Tree Felling
- Tinder
- Slow-Torch
- Percussion Method
- Fire Drills
- Night Fires
- Cooking
- Cooking and Eating Utensils
- Stone-boiling
- Earth Ovens
- Ember and Ash-cooking
- Open Cooking
- Food Preservation
- Smoking and Drying Sheds
- Meat-Drying Racks
- Fish-Drying Racks
- Jerky and Pemmican
- Root and Berry Drying
- Food and Wood Storage Facilities
- Woodsheds
- Storage Pits
- Underground Caches
- Root Cellars
- Bank Caches
- Rock Platform Caches
- Storage Houses
- Stone Over-Hang Caches
- Platform Storage
- Tree Storage
- Hide and Intestine Food Containers
- Bark, Root, and Hemp Baskets and Bags
- Firewood
- Chapter XIII: Transportation Technology
- Log Rafts
- Bundle Boats and Tule Rafts
- Dugouts
- Bark and Wooden Canoes
- Plank Boats
- Poles and Paddles
- Snowshoes
- Sleighs, Toboggans, Improvised Sleds, and Tumplines
- Horses
- Dogs
- Trails
- Bridges and Stone Causeways
- Chapter XIV: Clothing and Adornment
- Clothing and Accoutrements
- Sewing Needles and Thread
- Dresses
- Shirts
- Breechcloths
- Undergarments
- Blankets
- Capotes
- Robes
- Capes and Shawls
- Leggings
- Socks and Stockings
- Moccasins
- Hats, Headdresses, and Headbands
- Head Scarves
- Vests
- Gloves and Mittens
- Dancer's Apron
- Belts and Suspenders
- Bags and Pouches
- Bustles and Roaches
- Chokers
- Breastplates
- War Accouterments
- War Spears
- Shields
- Clubs
- War Shirts and Cuirasses
- Helmets
- Coup Stick
- Personal Adornment
- Facial Painting and Tattooing
- Mutilation and Scarification
- Beading and Porcupine Decoration
- Necklaces and Pendants
- Rings and Bracelets
- Mineral and Plant Dyes
- Hair Styles
- Combs
- Clothing and Accoutrements
- Chapter XV: Tobacco and Pipe Complex
- Smoking Ceremony
- Tobacco
- Stone, Clay, Wooden, and Copper Pipes
- Pipe Stems
- Pipe, Tobacco, and Utility Pouches
- Chapter XVI: Games, Dances, and Music
- Games
- Wrestling
- Kicking Game
- Stone-Throwing and Lifting
- Pulling
- Hopping
- Body-Spinning
- Spinning Tops
- Stick-game
- Rolling Dice
- Shinny
- Ring Game
- Ball and Pin
- Spear-Ring Game
- Ice and Snow Snakes
- Snow Games
- Sledding
- Rolling Objects on Ice
- Archery
- Knife and Axe-Throwing
- Horse Racing
- Powwows
- Rodeos
- Stock Whips, Quirts, and Lassoing
- Baseball
- Agility and Balancing
- Foot-Racing
- Swimming
- Dolls
- Clay Projectiles
- Stone-Skipping
- Slings
- Echo Games
- Cloud Interpretations
- Whistling
- Cat's Cradle
- Bullroarers
- Storytelling
- Stare-Downs
- Shadow Figures
- Card Games
- Guessing Games
- Dances
- War Dance
- Victory Dance
- Sun Dance
- Cup Dance
- Friendship Dance
- Circle Dance
- Prairie Chicken Dance
- Grass Dance
- Dream Dance
- Owl Dance
- Horse-Tail Dance
- Gift Dance
- Winter Dance or Song Dance
- Jump Dance
- Medicine Dance
- Musical Instruments and Songs
- Songs
- Flutes
- Whistles
- Drums
- Rattles
- Games
- Chapter XVII: Medicine and Health
- Concepts of Illness and Disease
- Medicaments
- Dream Medicines
- Shamans
- Practitioners
- Medicine Bundles
- Curing Procedures and Techniques
- Diagnosis
- Group Medical Inquest
- Medical Paraphernalia
- Prophetic Medical Procedures
- Patient Individuality
- Sucking
- Blowing
- Acupressure
- Laying of Hands
- Hydrotherapy
- Revulsive Medicines
- Inhalation and Respiratory Phytotherapy
- Coma
- Mental Illness
- Osteology
- Reductions
- Arthritis and Rheumatism
- Paralysis
- Muscular Therapy
- Dental and Gums
- Dermal Therapy
- Warts
- Neoplasms
- Hematomas and Swellings
- Wounds and Burn Therapy
- Cardiovascular
- Bleeding
- Blood Purifiers
- Menstruation and Birthing
- Gynecological and Obstetrical Treatments
- Gastrointestinal
- Hiccups
- Urinary Tract
- Geophagy
- Diarrhea
- Laxatives and Diuretics
- Hemorrhoids
- Ear, Nose, and Throat
- Eyes
- Fever and Headache
- Colds and Influenza
- Poisons
- Parasites and Insects
- Bandages
- Sewage Pharmacology
- Horse and Dog Medicines
- Non-Traditional Diseases
- Sanitation and Hygiene
- Bathing
- Perfumes
- Shampoo and Hair Tonics
- Deodorants
- Depilation
- Dental Care
- Hygiene
- Chapter XVIII: Religion and Mythology
- Religion
- Supernatural Power or Magic
- Sweathouse Rituals
- Vision Quest
- Guardian Spirit
- Power Songs
- Shamanism
- Sorcery
- Ghosts
- Monsters and Theriomorphic Beings
- Stick and Bank Indians
- Omens and Dreams
- Mid-Winter Ceremony
- Bluejay Ceremony
- Proto-historical and Historical Syncretic and Prophetic Movements and Religions
- Mythology
- Religion
- Chapter XIX: Natural Phenomena
- Constellations
- Meteorology
- Weather Control
- Weather Indications
- Seasons
- Lunar Months
- Calendar Sticks
- Days of the Week
- Measurements
- Directions
- Numbers
- Geonomic Designations
- Chapter XX: Conclusion
- Afterword
- Appendices
- Appendix A: Prehistoric Spokane—An Indian Legend
- Appendix B: How the Spokane River was Formed
- Appendix C: Coyote Creates Spokane Falls
- Appendix D: How the Sun Disc Came to Spokane
- Appendix E: Spokan Consanguineal Kin Terms
- Appendix F: Story of a Small Boy's Adoption by Bears
- Appendix G: Boy Receiving His Tutelary Spirit
- Appendix H: Boy's Vision Quest
- Appendix I: Boy's Lake Vision Quest
- Appendix J: Account of Starvation
- Appendix K: Origin of the Bullhead
- Appendix L: Observations of Beavers
- Appendix M: Origin of Chewelah-Spokan Group—Oral History
- Appendix N: Account of Bluejay
- Appendix O: Ghosts and Mental Illness
- Appendix P: Creation, to an Indian
- Historically Significant Contributions by Selected Early Explorers and Naturalists
- Bibliography
- Index